PENGEMBANGAN PHANTOM ULTRASOUND DENGAN VISKOSITAS DIMODIFIKASI UNTUK MENIRU JARINGAN LUNAK MANUSIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59485/d7f2e938Kata Kunci:
Ultrasonic Phantom, viskositas, PVA, Pencetakan 3D, Kalibrasi MedisAbstrak
Akurasi diagnostik dan keberhasilan prosedur intervensi berbasis ultrasound sangat bergantung pada kualitas kalibrasi perangkat dan keahlian personel medis. Pengembangan phantom ultrasonik yang dapat mereplikasi secara realistis sifat akustik dan mekanik jaringan lunak manusia adalah kebutuhan penting dalam pendidikan medis dan standardisasi teknologi elektromedis. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan mengevaluasi metode produksi phantom jaringan lunak USG dengan viskositas dan elastisitas yang dimodifikasi menggunakan bahan poli(vinil alkohol) (PVA), serta mengintegrasikan teknologi pencetakan 3D untuk mencapai akurasi anatomis. Phantom dikembangkan menggunakan campuran varian PVA viskositas rendah dan tinggi dengan penambahan etilen glikol sebagai pelindung pembekuan. Proses fabrikasi dilakukan melalui siklus pembekuan-pencairan yang dikendalikan secara ketat untuk memanipulasi modulus geser dan viskositas secara terpisah. Karakterisasi dilakukan melalui pengukuran kecepatan suara longitudinal (frekuensi 5–20 MHz), evaluasi mikrostruktur dengan mikroskop elektron pemindaian (SEM), dan pengujian sifat viskoelastik menggunakan viskoelastografi gelombang geser berdasarkan model Kelvin-Voigt. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan krioprotektan menghasilkan mikrostruktur yang lebih homogen dengan modulus geser sekitar 2,17 kPa dan viskositas sekitar 2,0 Pa · s, yang mendekati karakteristik fisiologis jaringan lunak manusia. Parameter akustik menunjukkan kecepatan suara berkisar antara 1510–1571 m/s dengan eksponen atenuasi sebesar 1,23–1,38 dB/cm/MHz, memenuhi standar rentang klinis. Integrasi serat alami ke dalam matriks bio-elastomer berhasil menciptakan sifat anisotropik yang menyerupai jaringan berserat seperti otot. Pendekatan modifikasi viskositas independen dan penggunaan manufaktur aditif menyediakan platform fleksibel untuk memproduksi fantom ultrasonik presisi tinggi. Inovasi ini mendukung pengembangan alat pelatihan intervensi klinis yang terstandarisasi dan aman, serta instrumen kalibrasi yang andal untuk pengembangan teknik pencitraan masa depan seperti elastografi.
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